Protein before surgery: how much and where from

The short version

  • Protein helps your body heal after surgery and keep your muscles strong during treatment.
  • European guidance suggests people with cancer usually need about 1 to 1.5g of protein per kg of body weight a day, more than most people need.1
  • Aim for some protein at every meal and snack, and combine it with strength exercise so your body uses it to build muscle.1

How much do I need?

For most people with cancer, the guideline is 1 to 1.5g of protein per kg of body weight a day.1

Body weightProtein a day
50 kg (7 st 12 lb)about 50 to 75g
60 kg (9 st 6 lb)about 60 to 90g
70 kg (11 st)about 70 to 105g
80 kg (12 st 8 lb)about 80 to 120g

If you have kidney problems, or have been told to limit protein, check with your team or a dietitian first.

Where to get it

Examples of protein: 2 eggs (about 12g), a small tin of tuna (about 20 to 25g), half a tin of beans (about 10g), a pot of Greek yoghurt (about 9 to 15g), and a glass of milk (about 7g).
FoodRoughly how much protein
2 eggs12g
Small tin of tuna (drained)20 to 25g
Chicken breast (cooked, 120g)35g
Half a tin of baked beans10g
Small pot of Greek or Greek-style yoghurt (150g)9 to 15g
Glass of milk (200ml)7g
Handful of nuts (30g)5 to 7g
Tofu (100g)8 to 12g
Lentils (cooked, 100g)9g

Amounts are approximate and vary by brand. Check food labels for exact figures.

Tips for getting enough

  • Spread it across the day: include protein at breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks.
  • Start the day well: eggs, yoghurt, milky porridge or peanut butter on toast.
  • Snack smart: yoghurt, cheese, nuts, hummus, a glass of milk.
  • Boost meals: add milk powder to porridge or soup, cheese to vegetables, or beans and lentils to stews.
  • If you’re vegetarian or vegan, mix different plant proteins, such as beans, lentils, tofu, soya, nuts and seeds.
  • If your appetite is small, eat little and often, and try nourishing drinks such as milkshakes or smoothies with yoghurt.

Combine it with strength exercise

Protein works best when you also use your muscles. Doing strength exercises two or three times a week helps your body turn protein into muscle.1 See strength exercises before treatment.

When to ask for help

Ask your team for a referral to a dietitian if you:

  • are losing weight without trying
  • have a poor appetite, or find it hard to eat
  • have other health conditions that affect what you can eat

Prefer a guided plan?

A personalised prehab programme can set protein and nutrition goals around your treatment, alongside exercise, sleep and mental wellbeing. See how digital prehab works.

Related pages

Everyone’s treatment is different, so talk to your cancer team about what is right for you.

References

  1. Muscaritoli M, Arends J, Bachmann P, et al. ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical Nutrition in cancer. Clinical Nutrition. 2021;40(5):2898–2913. doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.005